Utopia And Prince Essays - Machiavellianism, Niccol Machiavelli

Perfect world And Prince The Prince with an end goal to find their perspectives on Human nature - This paper can effectively be changed from this subject. Niccolo Machiavelli versus Thomas More : Characterizing Human Nature It is hard to decide Niccolo Machiavelli's and Thomas More's view on human instinct's. Each adopted an alternate strategy to the point. Through Utopia, Thomas More endeavored to change man's speculation by making an ideological society. Niccolo Machiavelli, through The Prince, endeavored to show man how to manage human instinct. Considering this, Machiavelli's idea is substantially more sensible than More's; in this manner Machiavelli better speaks to human instinct. Machiavelli's perspective on human instinct in The Prince, presents, by all accounts, a perspective on overseeing a state definitely distinctive for his time. Machaivelli accepted that the decision Prince ought to be the sole authority deciding each part of the state and put into impact a strategy which would serve his eventual benefits. With this, Machiavelli utilizes the ruler as man, and the state as the man's life. These interests were picking up, keeping up, and extending his political force. In spite of the fact that now and again Machiavelli may appear to be brutal and improper, one must recall that his perspectives were gotten from worry of Italy's flimsy political condition during the 1500s. Machiavelli is by all accounts showing the basic man how to carry on with his life so their life is great and prosperous. Machiavelli by and large questioned residents, expressing that ...since men are a sorry part and won't stay faithful to their commitments to you, you in like manner need not keep yours to them (Machiavelli 651). Moreover, a sovereign never needs real motivations to break his guarantees when, such an recognition of confidence would be to his detriment; and when the reasons which made him guarantee are expelled (651). Machiavelli didn't feel that a Prince ought to abuse the residents. This proposal by and by to serve the Prince's eventual benefits. On the off chance that a Prince can not be both dreaded and cherished, Machiavelli proposes, it would be better for him to be dreaded by the residents inside his own authoritative opinion. He makes the speculation that men are, ... careless, flighty, test systems and double crossers, avoiders of risk, insatiable for gain; and keeping in mind that you work for their great they are yours (649). He portrays men as being egotistical and not ready to act to the greatest advantage of the state, and at the point when it (peril) comes closer to you they dismiss (649). Machiavelli fortifies the Prince's should be dreaded by expressing: ...men are less reluctant about hurting somebody who makes himself adored than one who makes himself feared... (649). The power of profound devotion is one which men, the pathetic animals they are, break when it is for their potential benefit to do as such; ... dread is held together by a fear of discipline which will never surrender you(649). Machiavelli proposes that the way to being a decent ruler, is misleading. It is important to realize how to mask this nature well and to be an extraordinary wolf in sheep's clothing and a liar: and men are so dimwitted thus constrained by their present necessities that one who beguiles will consistently discover another who will permit himself to be tricked (651). Machiavelli expresses that men judge more, with their eyes than with their hands. And with this Machiavelli claims that, everybody sees what you appear to be, scarcely any individuals see what you are, (652) and the individuals who do acknowledge what the Prince is, dare not tell, for the Prince has the intensity of the majority to secure him. Machiavelli, it could be said, portrays instructions to live, effectively and prosperously, by managing the human's nature. He subtleties how one is to control another's idea, so as to place oneself in an increasingly decent position. With this, Machiavelli articulates human instinct to be freezing blooded, deluding, conceited, and a large portion of all unpredictable. Thomas More, in Utopia, attempted to communicate that the main path for a better life was through change. Increasingly's key protests of human instinct were insatiability, force, and pride. More, apparently, envisioned a general public, wherein these three things did not exist anymore, accepting that they were man's defeat. The primary idea that he endeavored to ingrain in the brains of the English was this: Take a hopeless spell of deplorable harvests, when a large number of thousand of men have passed on in hunger. On the off chance that toward the finish of this starvation the outbuildings of the rich were looked, most likely enough arrangements would be found in them to have spared the lives of the individuals who passed on from starvation and infection, on the off chance that it had been apportioned similarly among them.

Creative Writing Commentry Essay Example for Free

Experimental writing Commentry Essay The kite sprinter presents a story of interlaced individual clashes and catastrophes, its a convincing novel set in 1970s Afghanistan, rotating around a terrible episode that permits Hosseini to inspect topics of dedication and treachery, uncovering its noteworthy imperfections in 1970s Afghan culture. This catching plot is the thing that pulled in me to utilize The Kite Runner as my improvement text as it gave me a chance to investigate the subjects of unwaveringness and selling out while adding a cutting edge curve to it. For my inventive piece I chose to make a short monolog out of a companion seeing his long lasting buddy being a survivor of blade wrongdoing, this short monolog mirrors that of Amirs contemplations during the scene in the kite sprinter while his stepbrother Hassan is being assaulted by another kid from the area. From this monolog it is clear I have explicitly shaped it by taking certain angles from the assault scene of the kite sprinter and furthermore engaged another viewpoint from the kite sprinter by using the subject of treachery and furthermore considering the chronicled setting of the novel as it was set during a period of contention in Afghan people group during the 1970s in this way by modernizing it so it identifies with the social setting of today, as blade wrongdoing is right around an every day, stylish event in present day society, much the same as clashes between the Pashtuns and Hazaras were during 1970s Afghanistan. The title Loyalty Juxtaposes the genuine monolog as it depicts a demonstration of traitorousness, and it might be said selling out. This was done to make the peruser recall the title in the wake of perusing it as the plot of the monolog is probably going to have been a complexity of their suppositions before they really understood it, this likewise includes a feeling of vagueness and leaves the peruser to guess or foresee what may have occurred next as I deliberately didn't clarify what the storyteller does after Jamals last words, does he in certainty enable the title by then seeking after his killer? This is an inquiry that is probably going to wait in the perusers contemplations. My title has a comparative impact to that of Khaled Hosseinis tale, as the title The Kite Runner is one which promptly make suspicions about a story which depicts opportunity and solidarity, anyway simply like my monolog, the novel compares its title as the story is based around mistreatment in Afghan cul ture and intra-clashes between a religion . Like Khaled Hosseini, I utilized the utilization of short and single word sentences in the development to my peak to make a feeling of expectation not long before one of the principle characters Jamal is cut Jamals loaded up with alarm. Disarray. Lament. This is likewise done in kite sprinter towards the assault sceneHe unfastened his pants. Dropped his clothing. He situated himself behind Hassan. Hassan Didnt battle. This was done as It makes a threatening situation, strengthening the perusers conviction that something emotional is inescapable. Another method I have received from Khaled Hosseini is his utilization of flashbacks to furnish the peruser with data of the two young men relationship before this grievous night, this is powerful as it permits them to comprehend why this little fellows musings are loaded up with such scorn and threatening vibe towards himself for not helping his perishing companion. Besides I endeavored to utilized Hosseinis utilization of symbolism viably in my Creative piece, this is appeared through my depiction of the scenes before the blade occurrence Jamal still lay on the ground hosed by the slight sprinkle of downpour. Fixed. His blood gradually dribbling from his coat to the ground arrival into the pool of water, weakening it. This is like the way Hosseini approaches the climactic scene of his novel when he portrays the rear entryway wherein Hassan is assaulted A ruin of scrap and rubble littered the back street. Worn bike tires, bottles with stripped names, tore up magazines, yellow papers, all dissipated in the midst of a heap of blocks and pieces of concretes. Another strategy of Hosseinis that I endeavored to recreate was the manner by which he organized The Kite Runner, numerous pundits have proposed that Hosseini builds up a structure in the novel where he can set up desires toward the start of the novel, at that point transform these desires into a reality by the end. I have endeavored this by joining flashbacks into my first section causing it to show up as something emotional will happen in the following passage, while Hosseini utilizes flashbacks additionally to speak to the way that the key character Amir will be compelled to redress these early encounters to rescue what is surviving from his blameworthy cognizant. I likewise fused a comparative sentence structure in my piece using short sentences and delays. Generally speaking I have attempted to duplicate certain viewpoints from my improvement text The Kite Runner, basically those including structure, the key topics and furthermore the importance of the title and flashbacks, the recorded and social setting of the novel, the utilization of symbolism, juxtaposition of the subjects as reliability and selling out are nearly alternate extremes of one another. I trust I have been effective in accomplishing the vast majority of these variables as the larger part are remembered for my innovative peice.

Bentham and Kant Essay

Jeremy Bentham was an English rationalist and political radical. He is profoundly known and regarded today for his ethical way of thinking, principally his rule of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism assesses activities dependent on their outcomes. Bentham is most broadly known for his quest for inspiration and worth. Bentham was a solid adherent to individual and monetary opportunity, the division of chapel and state, opportunity of articulation, equivalent rights for ladies, the option to separate and the decriminalizing of gay acts. During his time he assisted with the annulment of bondage, the nullification of capital punishment and the cancelation of physical discipline, including kids. Bentham was conceived in Houndsditch, London in 1748 to an extremely well off family who bolstered the Tory party. He was extremely shrewd and brilliant disapproved. At the point when he was a little child he was found behind his father’s work area perusing the historical backdrop of England and at age three he started contemplating Latin. He got his lords degree from Oxford College in 1766, where there after he prepared as an attorney however never rehearsed. Rather, Bentham chose to expound on the law. One of Bentham’s significant impacts was Joseph Priestley. Bentham read Priestley’s work and had immediately altered his perspective on the preservationist political perspectives that he had experienced childhood in. One proclamation specifically from The First Principles of Government and the Nature of Political, Civil and Religious Liberty majorly affected Bentham; â€Å"The great and satisfaction of the individuals, that is most of the individuals from the state, is the extraordinary standard by which everything identifying with that state should at last be resolved. † Bentham was additionally vigorously affected by the thinker David Hume. In 1798 Bentham composed Principles of International Law where he contended that all inclusive harmony must be acquired by first accomplishing European Unity. He sought that some after of European Parliament would have the option to uphold the freedom of the press, facilitated commerce, the surrender everything being equal and a decrease in the cash being spent on deadly implements. One of Bentham’s most celebrated works was Constitutional Code in 1830. Here Bentham shares a large number of his thoughts and convictions on political majority rules system. Bentham contends that political change ought to be directed by the foremost that the new framework will advance the joy of most of the individuals influenced by it. He additionally contends about all inclusive testimonial, yearly parliaments and vote by voting form. Bentham accepted that there ought to be no ruler, no House of Lords and no settled church. In Constitutional Code Bentham additionally incorporates his view that people ought to have the option to cast a ballot. Bentham additionally tended to the issue of how government ought to be sorted out and proposes the persistent review of crafted by legislators and government authorities. Maybe Bentham’s most broadly noted for his work with Utilitarianism and is noted as the author of current utilitarianism. His work can be found in his book The Principles of Morals and Legislation. Utilitarianism is characterized as â€Å"a hypothesis in regularizing morals holding that the best possible game-plan is the one that boosts utility, explicitly characterized as expanding satisfaction and decreasing affliction. † Bentham inspected the idea of discipline and when it ought to be utilized similarly as whether a discipline will make more delight or agony for society. He accepted that the enactment of a general public is indispensable to keep up the most extreme joy and the base level of agony for the best measure of individuals. Jeremy Bentham died on June sixth 1832 at 84 years old. Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was conceived, lived and died in his old neighborhood of Konigsberg. He lived from 1724 to 1804. He learned at the nearby college and later came back to guide and talk understudies. It wasn’t until he met an English dealer by the name of Joseph Green that Kant scholarly of David Hume and started to build up his thoughts of ethics and qualities. Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (1781) is accepted to numerous to be his most prominent work. Kant’s was known essentially, in any case, for his ethical code The Categorical Imperative. Immanuel Kant was a supporter of Deontology, or obligation morals. Deontology is a hypothesis holding that choices ought to be made exclusively or principally by thinking about one’s obligations and the privileges of others. One of the most significant ramifications of deontology is that a person’s conduct can not be right regardless of whether it brings about the most ideal result. Furthermore, a demonstration can be correct regardless of whether it brings about a terrible result. As opposed to consequentialism, a way of thinking notorious for its case that whatever it takes to get the job done, so be it, deontology demands that how individuals achieve their objectives is normally, or consistently, more significant than what individuals achieve. Kant’s moral way of thinking depends on the unmitigated goal, cooperative attitude, and obligation. As indicated by the clear cut goal, it is a flat out need, an order that people should accord with universalizable proverbs to regard individuals as finishes in themselves and exercise their will with no worries about the results or states of their activities. This idea can likewise be communicated in methodical terms by the two after plans. The principal type of the straight out basic endorses that we should act just as per that proverb whereby we can simultaneously will that it should turn into a general law. The subsequent one expresses that we should treat mankind, regardless of whether in our own individual or in the individual of another, consistently simultaneously as an end and never essentially as a methods. So as to comply with the straight out goal, individuals need to follow up on a saying that can be universalized. For example, Kant contends that a lying guarantee is terrible since it doesn't breeze through the all inclusiveness assessment. At whatever point an individual makes a guarantee realizing that he should break it, he abuses the primary detailing of the unmitigated goal. He expects to utilize another man simply as a necessary chore which the last doesn't similarly hold. As it were, Kant doesn't accept that lying guarantees are terrible because of the way that they produce awful outcomes but since they bring about a commonsense logical inconsistency. As per him, individuals can’t lie since they can’t represent the outcomes. Thinking about the second detailing of the clear cut objective, we want to have others working for us restricted to some ethical quality standards without treating them just as a methods. Kant accepts that despite the fact that we can make our own finishes, we can’t use individuals for our own devise. On the off chance that we meddle with others to seek after their end while seeking after our own end, we damage their self-sufficiency. We can’t have twofold measures for ourselves and for other people. It is ethically compulsory for us to regard others since individuals are sound specialists. We should regard everybody in precisely the same way and treat them as self-ruling. As sound creatures, people are deliberately joined through normal laws inside the Kingdom of Ends. We have a place with this realm as a part when we administer in it all inclusive laws while additionally acting naturally subject to these laws. As indicated by Kant, everybody, regardless of what their identity is, ought to be both the administrator and the supporter of good laws. By and large, Kant’s hypothesis underscores that nobody is a special case to moral laws, that individuals must follow up on firmly held convictions or obligations that are not to their greatest advantage, and that we ought to never utilize individuals.

How and to what extent performance management in the public sector has Essay

How and to what degree execution the board in the open division has changed under contemporary administrative changes Identify a - Essay Example In interest for changes in the administration of the open segments, there have been radical changes over the most recent two decades on how governments do their administration; there has been redistributing of those administration practices and procedures from the private-for â€profit divisions to change the administration (open) area. From that point forward, a few nations have received these practices; Australia, New Zealand, and UK are a portion of the nations that have embraced the practices in the open area the board (Aulich, Halligan and Nutley 2001, p.46). Despite the fact that the framework is broadly accepted to be related with the created nations, in the ongoing decade, its application has been seen in some of the transitional and creating economies. These contemporary strategies and practices sourced from the private area to the open division are alluded to as New Public Management, NPM (Eliassen and Sitter 2008, p.58). Weights for Change NPM selection accompanied the r ising weight from different quarters; it is a change procedure that has been received in view of unsettling from a few areas and intrigued gatherings. A portion of the reasons that prompted the appropriation of the new system of open administration included; Fiscal and Economic Pressure on the Governments This issue was first seen in the created nations before spreading to the creating nations of Africa and Asia, of late; it was likewise seen in the Asian tiger Economies. There were monetary pressure that was required by gigantic open division deficiency, spiraling obligation, and ominous equalization of exchange. This financial issue made it workable for the remaking of the open segment through reconsidering, reshaping what the job of the legislature is, to counter the issues that were confronting the open area, uncommon proportion of privatization, contracting, and scaling back turned into the accessible alternatives (Bovaird and Loffler 2009, p.37). There was additionally open cl amor on the weathered and the bureaucratic idea of the old request, the expanded analysis from people in general on the incapability and wasteful aspects related with open conveyance of administrations occasioned the requirement for change. The old request was condemned for its moderate and lethargy that is driven by the set up rules as opposed to its presentation. The universal specialists on the board thoughts informed most with respect to the legislature on the need to change the administration of the open division by coordinating a portion of the administration apparatuses from the private parts (Ferlie, Laurence and Christopher, 2005, p.84). At long last, for the transitional and creating nations, there change has been required by the contributor organizations; it has been one of the conditions for loaning structure the worldwide monetary foundation like the World Bank and the IMF. Changes Noted in the Public Sector following NPM As expressed above in early on part there was re quirement for progressively productive and compelling of the open segment assets, in such manner a few devices utilized in the administration have been utilized that are sourced from the private division to improve the exhibition of the open area association following the disappointment of the conventional frameworks utilized. In affecting this, few changes have been seen from the conventional request of open part the executives, these progressions have been

Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the creator of One Hundred Years of Solitude, lived and encountered a strict Latin American life. These encounters played a fundamental capacity in the improvement of his characters, explicitly Jose Arcadio Buendia. Jose Arcadio Buendia was the originator of the guiltless city of Macondo where â€Å"the world was later to such an extent that numerous things needed names. †(p. 1) He was a solid facilitator and looked to as a leader.As Melquiades and different vagabonds went through the town, Jose Arcadio Buendia’s consideration was immediately caught. Interested by their enchantment and resolved to find out additional, he dealt the most significant assets of his family in return for their otherworldly apparatuses. He would then invest his energy attempting to make sense of how to utilize these apparatuses and what they implied, unconscious of the way that his consistent interest for information would before long lead to his downfall.In the interim , he got fixated on attempting to discover human advancement outside of Macondo, an errand he had neglected to do however his significant other, Ursula, had just finished months after the fact. I trust Jose Arcadio Buendia’s want to discover other human advancement is identified with his fixation for information and data for reasons past simply the basic establishing of individuals. The revelation of development won't just permit him to discover increasingly obscure data, yet will likewise subliminally permit him and his family to connect with more people.It is conceivable that this inner mind journey for social communication is the real reason for the self preoccupation and isolation that is clearly an attribute of his family line. This accidental defilement of his family is predictable with the importance of Jose Arcadio Buendia inside the novel. The honesty of the remainder of Macondo was additionally debased through Buendia’s fixation for realities and information. If he had not looked for answers, the rovers may have had no motivator to come back to Macondo, Jose Arcadio would have never impregnated the vagabond young lady or joined the rovers as they left town, and Ursula would have never followed Jose Arcadio and come back with information on the way through the bog that prompted other development. Indeed, regardless of whether the tramps kept on going through the town Ursula still found the way through the bog, it was her husband’s fixation of finding other development that made referencing of this way significant.Beyond this unfurling grouping of occasions, the quest for truth adulterates human’s capacities to live in dreamlands without understanding its dream. When truth is uncovered, the world past to that reality will be deciphered as an erroneous lifestyle. Accordingly, proceeding with the endeavor to carry on with that â€Å"incorrect† life in the wake of realizing reality will currently be deciphered as a dream. On the off chance that reality had not been uncovered, the town of Macondo could have lived in a dreamland without deciphering it as a fantasy.In looking and uncovering reality, Jose Arcadio Buendia tainted the creative mind of the locals with a right response for things. Before long things started to have explicit names and individuals had right lifestyles. I see Macondo as the Garden of Eden’s additional opportunity. On the off chance that the universe of the novel were contrasted with the Holy Bible, at that point Jose Arcadio Buendia would represent Adam. His fixations and consistent quest for information is obviously undifferentiated from Adam and Eve when they eat from the tree of information on great and evil.The resulting destruction of the Buendia family just as the remainder of Macondo is equivalent to Adam and Eve being prohibited from Eden and condemned to carry on with a human life. When Jose Arcadio Buendia is attached to a tree by different residents, it is an image for how Bible devotees, for example, Christians, are attempting to isolate themselves from Adam and Eve through recovery and compromise. Through the demise of the Buendia line, Marquez might be attempting to uncover the likelihood that the line of Adam and Eve can likewise be finished.

Everything You Need to Know about the Psychology of Choice

Everything You Need to Know about the Psychology of Choice © Shutterstock.com | fotogestoeberIn this article, you will learn about 1) an introduction to choice and the psychology behind it, 2) debunking the psychology of choice, 3) bias and choice, and 4) why it is so hard to make a choice for most of us.INTRODUCTIONWe live in an age where we have a plethora of options to choose from in every aspect of life. In previous generations, this was never the case because people had a limited number of options to choose from. Now before we move on to understanding the psychology of choice, let us think long and hard on what the word ‘choice’ actually means.The best definition so far that captures the essence of the psychology of choice is that ‘choice is the purest expression of free will’. Today, we get to choose anything that helps us in shaping our lives exactly how we want, provided we have ample resources. In order to better understand the psychology of choice, let us look at a real-life example.Suppose, you are looking for a suitable life partner but all the suitors you have met so far have failed to impress you. Disappointed, you join an online dating website and suddenly a magical world opens up to you where you have the ‘option’ to choose someone you like. This magical world that you were once unaware of suddenly becomes a reality and that is when you realize that the possibilities are endless.But having so many options available becomes more of a bane than a boon at times. Take e-commerce websites, for example. There are so many online shopping websites where you can get your hands on anything â€" from apparel for men and women, to shoes, electronics, and even bath, home and kitchen products. The list of items is so exhaustive that it would take you hours before you could decide what you want to buy.No matter how many filters you use, it is still hard for you to make up your mind about what exactly you want to buy. This delay in the process of decision-making would not have occurred if the options to cho ose from were limited. One of the reasons why you tend not to buy anything at all when you are presented with so many options in one go is because it leads to indecision.Now you may be wondering if having a choice is actually a good thing since it causes a delay in the decision-making process when it comes to buying. This paradoxical phenomenon is discussed by Professor Sheena Iyengar in her book The Art of Choosing.There were two sampling stations at a grocery store, where customers could choose from 24 and 6 flavors, respectively. The results showed that customers who had only 6 flavor variants were better at selecting a jam flavor, and the conversion rate translated into more than 30%. While on the other hand, customers who had to choose from 24 flavors were indecisive, resulting in a 3% conversion rate.Although the larger assortment of 24 flavors attracted more customers, the limited selection range consisting of 6 flavors generated more sales. If you are confused about the reas on for the delay in the decision-making process when presented with a wide array of options, here is what you need to know.The reason behind all this is linked to human psychology. Choosing wrongly is what we fear when so many options are thrown at us. This is why we cannot arrive at a decision easily. This phenomenon can be explained mathematically as well. When we have two options, there is a 50% chance of selecting the right option. Likewise, if we have five options, the chance of selecting the right option falls to 20%.The situation becomes more complicated when the options increase to more than 20. However, there are other reasons that contribute to this situation, too. Human cognitive limitations and time constraints also play a part in bringing the decision-making process to a halt because we fail to differentiate and distinguish between so many options.Another aspect that plays a role in the selection process is the ever-changing reference point. Whenever a new substitute is introduced, the point of reference changes automatically and creates a new perspective in the minds of the customers. This TED presentation with Sheena is worth watching.DEBUNKING THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CHOICENow that we have some basic knowledge about the different factors that contribute toward the decision-making process when buying products, let us move on to debunk the psychology of choice in more detail.Origins of Choice Theory and What It StatesChoice Theory: A New Psychology of Personal Freedom published in 1998 is widely read by and taught to those who want to understand the psychology of how choice affects us. Here are some key takeaway points that you must focus on:All that humans do is behave.The behavior exhibited by humans is chosen.All humans are genetically driven to satisfy their five basic needs â€" survival, love and belonging, power, fun, and freedom.The three points above capture the essence of Choice Theory, and when coupled with the Seven Caring Habits, it replace s external control psychology and the Seven Deadly Habits. The present psychology of people in almost all parts of the world is external control, which is destructive to relationships.When this mindset of external control is used, it destroys the ability of individuals to achieve satisfaction. This leads to discord between the two and gives rise to problems like violence, crime, spousal abuse, mental illness, and drug addiction. The ten axioms of choice theory are also discussed below:We can only control our own behavior â€" no one else’s.We can only give information to another person.All long-lasting psychological problems are linked to relationship problems.Our relationship problems are part of our present lives.The past shapes us into the individuals we are today. However, we can only satisfy our needs and keep satisfying them in the future.We satisfy our needs by keeping in mind the pictures of our Quality World.Humans can only behave.Acting, thinking, feeling and physiology m ake up total behavior.The entire behavior is chosen by the individual, but only acting and thinking can be controlled, while feeling and physiology can be altered indirectly by controlling the acting and thinking components.Total behavior is explained by verbs and named by the part that is most easily recognizable.What Is a Bias?According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, bias is defined as an inclination of temperament or outlook; especially a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment. Now you may think that women choose their nail polish colors simply by judging the color, but things are not that simple. The name of the shade is equally important when it comes to picking a nail polish color, and this is how our preference changes. This, ladies and gentlemen, is called a bias.Do Biases Matter?Some biases are conscious, while others are unconscious and often termed as implicit bias. If you prefer dogs to cats simply because they are more lovable and less likely to scratch, it is a conscious bias. While on the other hand, implicit bias is hard to explain because we do not know the reason behind our preference. For instance, you do not know why you like red more than blue. Implicit bias is something that greatly affects the way we behave and how we treat others to an alarming extent.BIAS CHOICEDid you know the human brain is capable of billions of calculations per second which means it packs more power than any other computer in the world? Even though this is true, there are some logical fallacies and cognitive biases that often get in the way when we are trying to make a decision.The hitches in our thinking that lead us to make rush decisions with erroneous conclusions come under cognitive bias. It can best be described as a flaw in judgment that results from errors in social attribution, memory, and miscalculations. Logical fallacies like ad hominem, circular arguments, slippery slopes, etc. can be explained as errors in logical argumentation.It is believed by social psychologists that these biases usually affect our choices leading us to make serious mistakes. Here are some biases that you must know about:Gambler’s fallacy is more of a hitch in our thinking that makes us put more pressure on previous events with a belief that they will influence the events that take place in future.The inability of humans to properly grasp a clear sense of peril and risk is called neglecting probability. This essentially is what makes us give too much weight to the risks of comparatively harmless activities while forcing us to overstate the highly dangerous ones even more.The observational selection bias is what makes us notice things that we did not notice before. It is a cognitive bias that makes us feel as if the appearances of certain events or things are not coincidences even though they are.‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ is how we can describe the status-quo bias in one sentence. The status-quo bias is what powers our conservative tendencies.The negativity bias, on the other hand, makes humans perceive bad news as more profound or important. This is why we feel that negative news are more credible because we are suspicious creatures from the beginning.The need to go with the flow is backed by the bandwagon effect. The bandwagon bias is linked to the undying need of individuals to fit into a particular group of people and feel socially accepted.The projection bias makes us think that all people think like us and agree with our views while that is not true. This cognitive inadequacy often makes us overestimate and suppose that a consensus exists on matters where there may be none.The current moment bias exists because we find it difficult to imagine the future and to alter our expectations and behaviors accordingly.Humans have a tendency to compare and judge a limited set of things. Therefore, the anchoring effect makes us fixate on a number or value that is weighed against everything else.Priming and BehaviorI n psychology, priming refers to the exposure to one stimulus and the response to another stimulus. Priming is usually linked to language recognition. Many studies have shown stereotypes regarding innate ability linked to gender and race having a great impact on standardized test performance. One such study, conducted by Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, showed that African American students had an unsatisfactory performance on the GRE verbal exam when they were told that the test would be used to measure intellectual abilities.Priming ChoiceMost experts are still baffled by one thing â€" why do some people choose a particular product or service while others blatantly decline even though they seem to be the perfect candidates for it? Why do some people who do not even belong to the target audience group buy the product or service?Now here is the thing about priming and choice â€" if the priming causes people’s performance to suffer, when a conscious choice is involved, people will prefer the option for which they have a positive implicit bias. Right from the start, we are taught to prefer high-quality products, which is why we often tend to go for products that boast the ‘superior quality’ tag.It is also important to understand that people tend to associate quality with modernity and price. The main downside with making such associations is that they can easily overrule the quality of the products we choose between.Anchoring Bias ChoiceWe humans tend to anchor our decisions based on the first piece of information that reaches us. For instance, you normally buy shampoo for $10, but if you see that it is on sale for $8, you will instantly grab it because it seems like a great deal. However, if your friend goes to another high-end store where the same shampoo is being sold for $12, she will react in the same way if she sees that the same shampoo is being offered to customers at $10.In-Group Bias ChoiceThe in-group bias is also termed as the bandwagon effe ct and can best be described as ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do.’ A person in a particular group will act in the same manner as the other members of the group. He or she will try to align his or her likes and dislikes with that of others so as to ‘fit in’.This type of bias usually occurs in groups that are formed around affiliations pertaining to sports, religion, or politics.Framing Effect Bias ChoiceThe framing effect bias occurs when choices are presented to us in a way that affects how we perceive them â€" either as a gain or loss. People are more likely to avoid risk when a positive frame is presented, while more people will take risks if a negative frame is presented. This cognitive bias has a profound effect on people when it comes to making investments.Loss Aversion Bias ChoiceNo one likes to miss or lose things â€" it is only natural to desire the best of the best of everything. The loss aversion bias makes us feel more strongly toward avoiding a loss rather th an receiving a gain. This forms a basis for understanding the endowment effect in which we tend to prefer things we already own as compared to the things we do not.Current Moment Bias ChoiceMost of us would prefer to feel pain today than feel the same tomorrow because it is not easy for us to imagine ourselves in the future and set expectations accordingly. The current moment bias is closely studied by economists because it usually revolves around people’s willingness to save and not overspend.Confirmation Bias ChoiceWe tend to be put off by those people who do not have the same opinion as us on different matters. This simply explains the confirmation bias because we are more likely to be friends with those who are similar to us and share the same opinions as us. The confirmation bias was also referred to as cognitive dissonance by psychologist B.F. Skinner.Post-Purchase Rationalization ChoiceWhen you buy something that was totally unnecessary, overly expensive or faulty, you t end to rationalize the purchase by convincing yourself that it was necessary, and it was a great idea all along. That is what post-purchase rationalization, or Buyer’s Stockholm Syndrome, is all about, because we subconsciously justify our purchases, especially the pricey ones.Decoy ChoiceAlso known as the asymmetric dominance effect, the decoy effect is the phenomenon whereby customers tend to have a specific change in preference between two options when a third new option is presented with asymmetric dominance.Different Presentation of ChoiceThe ways in which choices are presented to us do make a difference in the selection process. Presentation presents a different challenge to theories of choice based on preferences because the two alternatives will be chosen by the customer based on how they are presented to them instead of on the properties of the alternatives only.It is important to understand that the sensitivity to choices depends on how they are framed because it can be interpreted as suggesting that different presentations begin different choice processes that in turn result in different choices.WHY IS MAKING A CHOICE SO HARD FOR MANY OF US?Choice OverloadCommonly known as overchoice, choice overload is a cognitive process in which the individual is unable to arrive at a decision simply because there are too many choices to consider. Given, a wide array of choices will definitely attract customers because having many options to choose from is desirable for most of us. However, the main problem occurs when these exhaustive choices inhibit customers from making a purchase.The paralysis in the selection process occurs because we are not able to differentiate between the variants. The choice is delayed, and the individual enters a phase of procrastination. The decision quality of the individual also degrades considerably when they are presented with too many options.Choice Backed by WillpowerWe make thousands of decisions every day â€" consciously an d unconsciously. As we keep making more and more decisions in a day, it takes a toll on our willpower and eventually, we start looking for an easier way out of the everyday humdrum. Due to this, sometimes we tend to make decisions on impulse without a second thought or we simply choose to do nothing due to fatigue.Simply put, the more decisions you make, regardless of whether they are simple or complex, the less mental energy you will have to make proper decisions.What You Should Do to Simplify the Decision-Making Process for Your CustomersDo not come up with an exhaustive list of product variants that will result in cognitive overload.Each product should have a distinct and detailed product description so that the customer knows exactly what is being offered to him or her.Create different categories and filters that will ease the selection process.You can also ‘recommend’ different products that cater to different needs to simplify the selection procedure for customers.Now that you know how the psychology of choice works, it will be easier for you to understand how we make choices and the different biases that influence our choice. It will also be easier for you to make the right decision when it comes to buying products and services the next time around. Understanding the psychology of choice will also help you as a marketer to make your products or services more accessible to your target audience.

How to Write a Philosophy Term Paper

The Best Approach to Write on Philosophy Term Paper Topics Writing a philosophy term paper is very challenging because it differs from writing assignments in other college courses, even in humanities. What makes a good philosophy paper? A good paper in philosophy consists of the reasoned defense of some claim so it must offer an argument which clearly presents the rationale for the claims that you make in your paper. You should consider your philosophy paper as an attempt to persuade your readers to accept your position. That’s why you should not start your paper with expressing ideas that your opponents will refuse to accept. If you want to succeed in persuading your audience, you should start with some common assumptions that everybody is likely to agree to. A good paper in philosophy is rather moderate and makes a small point, but this point is stated clearly and straightforwardly. Besides, it is supported by convincing arguments. That’s why you should not be over-ambitious. A good philosophy paper has to be original, demonstrate some independent thinking, and have contemplative critical responses to the philosophy works you read. Many students find the mere thought of writing a term paper on philosophy intimidating, so we’ve put together 10 key rules that will help you understand how to write a term paper in philosophy. We’ll take you through the preparation stages, explain how to structure your paper, and give you some advice on how to avoid the most common errors. Know the study material Spend some time planning to work out what your research question is asking for. Assignments in philosophy usually ask you to consider certain thesis or argument, usually presented by another philosopher and do one of the following things: explain it, give an argument that supports it, offer your objection to it, evaluate some arguments for and against it, discuss the possible consequences of it, etc. You should do some reading and make notes on it. Write a structured term paper outline First, plan what you want to say and determine the order you want to say it. What is a philosophy term paper outline? There are different approaches to outlining a term paper in philosophy, but typically, a philosophy paper should have sections where you present someone’s point of view and parts in which you assess that viewpoint, and present your own position in the process. Say what you are going to argue Write an introduction and explain what you are going to argue. Formulate your thesis clearly and concisely. Provide some background information and present different stages of your argument to provide your audience with a map of what to expect from your paper. Argue to your conclusion This is the main focus of your philosophy paper. Make your arguments as convincing as you can. In order to make your argument stronger, you should anticipate and answer objections to it. Try to be as concise as possible, if you use unnecessary words, you may distract and confuse your reader. Make the structure of your term paper obvious Use connective words like since, therefore, consequently, however, on the other hand, etc. to show your reader where your discussion is going. Remind your readers what you have done so far and explain what your next step is going to be. Write clearly and concisely Philosophy is a complex field of knowledge so you should try to use straightforward style and explain your point as clear as possible before you move to the next one. Give examples and definitions Philosophy is abstract and hard to understand so good examples are the best way to make your claims clearer. Consider opposing views Present and assess different views on the topic. When doing this, you present competing answers and give your reasons for rejecting them. Avoid common errors that students make You should avoid common things that cause students to lose marks, such as repetition, irrelevance, ambiguous or vague language, inaccurate interpretation of somebody’s position, poor arguments. Redraft your final paper Before submitting your philosophy paper, read it and check for different pitfall that we have mentioned. You’d better write several drafts of your paper to be sure that your arguments are clear to your reader and your style is perfect. Now that you know 10 essential rules for writing a great philosophy paper, you can apply them for any type of writing in philosophy, for example, a political philosophy term paper. Where to Find Interesting Philosophy Term Paper Ideas It might be difficult to find original ideas for philosophy projects. You can use some effective keywords and search term to google for primary and secondary sources such as online books, philosophy databases, scholarly articles, and websites of philosophy departments at universities. For your term paper, you will need to have an opinion on a certain issue and argue your position in a clear and logical manner. You can take some fundamental and eternal philosophical questions that exist since the dawn of the mankind. If you are looking for good philosophy term paper topics, you can take an old debate on some important issue and update it for the 21st century. Philosophy is a complicated field of knowledge and writing philosophy projects may be too challenging. It requires strong analytical and critical thinking skills and outstanding communication skills to convey complex ideas effectively. If you struggle with your philosophy papers, you can get professional help with completing any project on our custom paper writing service. Our qualified writers have necessary experience and skills to cope with any rare or unusual topic and present a piece of writing that is perfect in content and style.

The Spiritual Practice Of The Labyrinth - 928 Words

Since I was a child I was told to read the Bible, pray, and repeat. Eventually, these few spiritual practices became empty rituals to me for a time. In the duration of this class thus far, I’ve had the chance to relook at my spiritual practices, learn why I should practice them, and then put them into practice with a right heart. I’ve also had the chance to partake in many other types of spiritual practices. One in particular interested me, so I decided to try it – that is, the spiritual practice of the Labyrinth. There were many spiritual practices that I had never done before on the list, but the Labyrinth was a formative practice that I hadn’t even heard of. I had no experience with the discipline before the class. However, I decided to try it because I might not have had the chance to practice it again, unless I first tried it. Also, the fact of a spiritual practice having a labyrinth involved greatly interested me, and I wanted to study it. When I found out what the Labyrinth was – I wanted to try it even more. A prayer labyrinth is a labyrinth used to facilitate prayer, meditation, spiritual transformation, and/or global unity. Walking a prayer labyrinth is seen in 3 stages: Purgation, Illumination, and Union. Purgation occurs as you first walk into the labyrinth until you reach the center, the goal is to clear the mind from distractions, and open the heart. Illumination happens at the center, the goal to pray and meditate and listen to what God has for you. Union,Show More RelatedNot Have A Clue, The Etymology Of An Indication1046 Words   |  5 PagesDictionaries, into clue, â€Å"a piece of evidence or information used in detection of a crime or solving of a mystery.† Eventually, the 1995 movie Clueless defined the modern context. The comedy alluded to the affluent lifestyle of Beverly Hills. Met with a spiritual revelation, Cher undergoes a series of life changing events that alter her sense of morality. As Theseus and Cher are concerned, clue altered both of their lives. Through this, the word seems to have multiple uses. On all accounts, clue has beenRead MoreEssay on Reflection On World Religion983 Words   |  4 Pagescreated the universe. He created many Gods, highly advanced spiritual beings, to be his helpers. Many Hindus are devoted followers of Shiva or Vishnu, whom they regard as the only true God, while others look inward to the divine Self, meaning meditation. Whomever they decide to worship, it all points to the same deity. Buddhism Buddhism was founded around 520 BC by Siddharta Gautama, who was an Indian Prince. Buddhism emphasizes practice over belief. In reality, however, Buddhism centers on correctRead MoreUse Of Mandalas And Its Effect On The World1234 Words   |  5 PagesThey are directed to the east which is the place of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. In Christian there are circular patterns where the tradition can be found in rosette windows, on the domes decorating various houses of God and in the circular labyrinths on the floors of the cathedrals. Mandalas also originated in Slavic culture. We as a society don’t know much about Czech people who are closest to the Slavic culture, because there aren’t a lot of records on them. Slavic people love ornaments, jewelryRead MoreThis Clavicula Of Arte Magical, Surpassing Modern Confused1532 Words   |  7 Pagesengage with its fecklessness. This is not that tome, nor is it unrewarding to those who practice it s Magical feats and operations discerningly and with passion, vigor and strong intentions born from the well of Imagination. For this book of magic shall serve those Children of the Moon who seek truth and power as one reality in form function. Throughout this Grimoire is formulaic Rites and Rituals of Spiritual Congress, Egress, Ingress and Transgression as given unto the kith of Hearth HornRead More voodoo Essay1573 Words   |  7 Pagesscreen as evil, black magic, and the work of the devil, rather than as a faith, and most people see spells cast on voodoo dolls like Chucky in Child’s Play, who goes around killing people because he is possessed (Child’s Play 1988). Is Voodoo a true, spiritual religion, and if so, are people willing to tolerate it? In today’s society, religious tolerance of different groups of people or cultures is very important. By understanding and accepting the differences of real versus imaginary using Voodoo as theRead MorePaganism Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pagesof the branches of Paganism, it is a polytheistic practice and is prevalent most commonly in the United Kingdom. Druidry is closely aligned with the ancient practices of Wicca, it is based on ancient Celtic Druidism. Astru is rapidly growing but is still the smallest, it is most prevalent in Iceland, Germany, and Scandinavia. Even though Wicca, Druidism, and Astru are very closely related, they all developed independently. Kabbalah is a practice where the mystical and magical aspects came in, itRead MoreQuest for People- Centered Orgnization and Ethical Conduct2253 Words   |  10 Pages†¢ â€Å"If you treat your employees as unique individuals, they ’ll be loyal to you and they’ll perform— and your business will perform, too.† Pg 36 †¢ â€Å"People aren’t your â€Å"greatest asset†Ã¢â‚¬â€they’re your only asset.† Pg 37 †¢ seven people-centered practices to be strongly associated with much higher profits and significantly lower employee turnover: o Job security (to eliminate fear of layoffs). o Careful hiring (emphasizing a good fit with the company culture). o Power to the people (via decentralizationRead Moreimpact of western culture on india2565 Words   |  11 Pages1. 4. Compile the books of prayers, songs, and stories, and with translations, and make them available to everyone. 5. Make the proper and benevolent images to worship where and when it is helpful. 6. Construct centers for prayer, worship, and practice. Such centers are the basis of preserving the culture and offering education in them. 7. Congregate together regularly, and be supportive toward one another. 8. Celebrate and enjoy your festivals, and know and discuss the meaning of them so theyRead MoreThe Novel The Monomyth 3316 Words   |  14 Pagesthe accident (the pond) which represents the bottomless pool of the subconscious into the hero (the princess) is about to journey (emotionally and spiritually). Campbell says the call of adventure â€Å"destiny has summoned the Hero and transferred his spiritual center of gravity from within the pale of his society to a zone unknown.† II. Refusal of the Call a. Campbell says that in many stories, myths, and fairy tales the Hero refuses The Call to Adventure and ends up captive. This can happen physicallyRead MoreWorship and Music1824 Words   |  8 Pagesboth into the service. This is often a good way to bring members of all generations together in one congregation rather than separating the old and the young between contemporary and traditional worship style services. Culture dictates worship and practice in emerging church styles. This is seen in the fact that the emerging church relies upon incense, art, images, and experiences to draw near to God and to worship Him.  God says to worship Him in spirit and in truth (John 4:24), but the emerging church

Music And Its Effect On Education - 888 Words

Music incorporated into education is very beneficial in numerous ways. Having music apart of your classroom will stimulate a student socially, cognitively, emotionally, and physically. One does not need to have to be knowledgeable about music to incorporate it into your classroom. Bringing Education to Life with Music Incorporating music into education courses will further achievement in multiple areas of learning. Education combined with music accommodates building language, confidence, creativity, open mindedness, and a stress free student. Also, it enhances brain development, physical coordination, and memory, visual and listening skills. Music makes learning exciting and enjoyable. I feel that every classroom/school should have songs, cheers, and chants it will suppot a sense of community, belonging, and purpose. Songs and chants can be useful in the classroom for transitions, memorization tools, and brain breaks. Playing a song or saying a chant for transitions between lessons or cleanup will maintain the transitions flow smoothly and assist students to identify different parts of the day. When using music to transition in the classroom, its best to state guidelines such as, clean up should be done before the song ends, singing shouldn’t be louder than the music, and mild dancing is encouraged. Help control a classroom environment Playing or singing a welcome song when students enter the classroom may encourage them to feel welcome and ready to learn.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music On Music Education1002 Words   |  5 Pagesinstead of practice violin music is proven to make you smarter. When a child particularly at a young age learns how to play an instrument preferably in a social setting is provides the brain of that child with extra dopamine, new neurological connections, better behavior, and higher test scores. Schools are turning to new programs to aid music education and there are many reasons to support their decision. Music has been proven over many studies to show a connection to education. Evidence of this hasRead MoreMusic Education And Its Effect On Education1661 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to a life without music as a mistake (â€Å"Don’t†). Unfortunately, many children never get the opportunity to discover the fulfillment that music can bring to their lives. They are denied this chance by an unfair educational system. Music education is beneficial to the student throughout his entire life, thus it should not be cast aside and neglected as it often is in the public school system today, but instead schools should do just the opposite; treat music education as a priority. The evidenceRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Education Essay1887 Words   |  8 PagesMusic is fascinating because there are so many different uses and styles. It is an enjoyable way to help the brain grow and develop. Plato once said, â€Å"I would teach children music, physics, and philosophy; but most importantly music, for the patterns in music and all the arts are the keys to learning.† Music classes should be part of the required core curriculum through all four years of high school; however, some schools don’t have the money to support these programs, despite the many benefits itRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Education On Mainstream Education Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesanswering if music education has enough crossover benefit to include it into our mainstream education. Two scholarly articles, a blog, a personal story and an online article were selected and consulted to find the answer to this question. Many authors in many articles had minimal criticism of music education and most were in favor of music education. Findings were that yes, music education does in fact have enough crossover benefit to include it into mainstream education. Music education may be timeRead MoreThe Importance and Effects of Music Education Essay examples1944 Words   |  8 Pages Music evaluated as a subjects that is many times overlooked. If a school seems to have financial trouble, then music and art programs are the first to get cut. Essentially, students do not need them to succeed and they are just hobbies. This is the mindset that many school boards have towards music education. I have had the pleasure of being involved in music from a young age. My schools did not offer music programs, but my parents saw an opportunity in music education so they decided to lookRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Education On Children s Learning And How The Length Of Teaching Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pages young children have curious minds leading new discoveries based on their capabilities. We introduce new motives to children in order for them to grow and develop. Some may introduce sports; others may introduce math or science. Some maybe even a music instrument or some paint. The Arts plays an important role in a child’s expression, creativity, and academic achievement. Primarily in elementary and middle school it’s important for young kids to be exposed to an extracurricular that helps set basicRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Education On Children s Brain Development, Intelligence Quotient, Social Development And Overall Success3469 Words   |  14 PagesSings Good News for Musicians Historically, there has been a debate among educators and researchers whether music education plays a significant role in a child’s brain development, intelligence quotient, social development and overall success in life. Many believe the data has been unreliable because there is little to prove with absolute certainty that those who participate in music education were not just born smarter. On the other hand, substantial data has been collected in recent years that seemsRead MoreSample Bibliography : 20 Important Benefits Of Music1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography â€Å"20 Important Benefits of Music In Our Schools.† National Association for Music Education, 21 July 2014, www.nafme.org/20-important-benefits-of-music-in-our-schools/. This source is an online article from a credible source: The National Association for Music Education (NAFME). The actual author is unknown. This source presents twenty significant advantages of music in schools. The advantages presented are actual facts due to studies performed. This article is important to myRead MoreThe Current State Of The Cambodian Traditional Music Revival And The Large Impact Of Cultural Music Education1539 Words   |  7 Pagesto see the current state of the Cambodian traditional music revival and the large impact of cultural music education, it fails to see the external benefits of this music that promotes â€Å"a culture of peace, global citizenship, and appreciation of cultural diversity and its contribution to sustainable development†.29 This cultural benefit is one of the biggest answers to the question of why this music education and the survival of traditional music is important. Despite the lack of coverage this elementRead MoreEssay on Resear ched Argument1124 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginning of time, music has been an important part of people’s lives. However, today, it seems that the number of people who advocate the everlasting presence of music is dwindling, and the number of people only concerned with economic stability and the core curriculum in schools is rising. Budgets in schools are being cut, and the music programs are usually at the beginning of the list when a particular area is to be disbanded. Action is being taken against the loss of music education in schools,

Iago Suffering Through Evil - 1471 Words

What is it that makes a person evil? Is it their actions, their words, or their thoughts? Is it more acceptable if â€Å"the end justifies the means†? Telling a lie that doesn’t have a negative effect on anyone, and that saves someone grief, is considered good. So why is killing someone to save others considered bad? The morality of an action is based solely on the outcome. Thus, doing anything whatsoever that is required to get the desired result, regardless of the methods used, would be considered â€Å"ok† if the result was of a good nature. Human nature is hardwired in us through the brain. So, human nature, being good or evil, is hardwired in us as well. It is our choice whether or not to act on these thoughts of sinful nature. For Iago, he not†¦show more content†¦Iago’s combination of military habits and displaying them in his personal affairs make him somewhat of a lethal weapon. Years of military experience have damaged his filter of what is morally right to do in normal society and what is not. In his pursuit of revenge and justice, he becomes unbothered by moral values in an ordinary sense because he has his own objectives to reach. The honorable, efficient, and virtuous qualities that he displayed on the battlefield of Rhodes and Cyprus become disreputable in personal and private affairs. In such a case you can almost call Iago a psychopath. He is not bothered by moral values when he has a goal to reach. But â€Å"his deeds are, in reality, nothing but the application, by a professional soldier without private ethics, of military tactics to private and personal affairs† (McCloskey). In this frame of mind, he is a villain because he moves from an atmosphere where the actions are proper to another atmosphere where they are unsuitable. Iago suffers from â€Å"ethical blindness†, â€Å"which prevents him from seeing that the methods of war† are not equally appropriate in all situations. Iago is thoroughly narcissistic and unsympathetic towards the emotions he provokes from his actions. Hiss lack of a conscience and remorse â€Å"is one of the central features of psychopathy† (West). His motives exhibit more of an afterthought instead of a catalyst towards the actions he perpetuates. He isShow MoreRelatedOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words   |  7 PagesGood Or Evil: A Critical Analysis of Othello’s Main Characters William Shakespeare’s Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a character’s amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of greyRead MoreHuman Nature And Evil Nature1227 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment, allowed their evil nature to triumph and, as a result, abused the civil rights of others. Throughout history, literature has portrayed this transgression of human nature and revealed evil’s presence, goals, motives, and strategies. His cunning tactics cause Eve to disobey and betray God, resulting in both her and Adam’s banishment from Heaven. Satan’s transformation has not only elucidated the contrast between good and evil but also created an irreversible suffering for his victims. HumansRead MoreOthello Character Analysis964 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters that stand for different matters and that also have different beliefs. These characters go through tragedies which causes corruption for them all. Behind all of this madness is a character named Iago. Iago is an evil villain that causes harm to everyone that gets in his way. He cares for no one, yet he devotes his whole life to revenge, rather than just walking away. In the play, Iago is a dominate and persuasive leader who has the talent for understanding and manipulating the others aroundRead MoreOthello: The Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Play1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdramatic tragedy, destined for downfall, suffering and defeat. The chara cter has a fatal flaw, with combined external forces brings on a tragedy. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, it is a play of revenge, anger, jealousy, heartbreak and remorse. Set in the streets of Venice and Cyprus, Othello is the general of the Venetian army, and chose Cassio to be his lieutenant, with Iago who was appointed to Othello’s ancient was very angry about this decision. Iago thinks he deserved the role of lieutenantRead More Iago of William Shakespeares Othello Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesIago of William Shakespeares Othello Who is Iago? Iago poisons peoples thoughts, creating ideas in their heads without implicating himself. His first victim is Roderigo. Roderigo remarks, That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine. [Act I, Scene I, Line 2] Throughout the play, Iago leads Roderigo, professing that . . . I do hate [the Moor] as I do Hell pains. [Act I, Scene I, Line 152] He tells Roderigo to Put money in thy purse [Act I, Scene III, Line 328]Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 Pagesbe admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able to see themselves acting in the same way, and the protagonist’s suffering must be greater than their offense. Macbeth is the true tragi c hero, because he displays all of theRead MoreOthello : An Argumentative Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesOthello:​An Argumentative Essay Inside each of us, there is a seed of good and evil since it is a constant struggle for us to determine as to which one will win, so that is why one cannot exist without the other. However, there are some whose emotions are unbalanced, which causes them to near towards one side more than the other one  ­Ã‚ ­ and many times the side a lot of people prefer to lean on is evil. Shakespeare’s play O​thello​is set in 16th ­century Venice and Cyprus. Othello, a noble black generalRead MoreHow does Iago manipulate Othello, Cassio, and Roderigo?1533 Words   |  7 Pagesworld of temptations, failures, and suffering. In fact, every person has weaknesses, and there is always a possibility that someone will use those feeble points against that man. Shakespeares play Othello shows an example of how one can control others exploiting their weaknesses and the consequences of such actions. The character of Iago, the antagonist in the tragedy Othello, instigates chaos, deception, and gross manipulation. He is the center of all the evil events in the play. He manages t o completelyRead MoreThe Antagonist, Shakespeare1405 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiencing will remember. Part of the way this is accomplished is through the characters, not always the protagonist, but the antagonist as well. The villain of the story is an individual the audience will pay close attention to and attempt to understand as the storyline unfolds. â€Å"There’s something about antagonists that, I think, inherently fascinates us as readers. We all get at least a little curious about what leads someone to become ‘evil,’ why it is they do what they do, and so on. And consideringRead More Web of Deceit in Shakespeares Othello Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pages Web of Deceit in Othellonbsp;nbsp; Shakespeare’s Othello portrays a process through which pure evil has an effect on love and morality. The character of Iago twists Othello into killing his wife, and eventually himself, through manipulating Othello’s trust and loyalty. Iago uses the handkerchief as a symbol through which Othello is convinced of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness. This handkerchief plays many roles throughout Othello. Because of the importance placed upon this object, the driving force

Implementing A Successful Marketing Plan Essay - 2210 Words

Executive Summary For implementing a successful marketing plan, consideration of different functional areas of business support of senior executives and understanding of available resources and capabilities of the firm is imperative. The concept of marketing plan and its purpose of a company is elaborated in this report. In addition, this report presents a discussion about the different sections that should be included in an effective marketing plan of a food product. These sections are evaluation of environment such as PEST and competitive analysis and SWOT analysis. The objectives of the marketing plan, along with the market segmentation and consumer analysis are also important sections for the managers to include. Further, the significance of different marketing strategies, budget and control process are also elaborated in this report for the food marketing plan. Introduction At the present time, in order to establish a product in the market, it is considerable for the business organizations to adopt unique marketing activities and strategies. A marketing plan can be elaborated as an integrated approach or process to deal with the dynamic business environment and foresee future. In addition, a marketing plan is also important to understand the varying consumer buying behavior, to serve them in a finest way and provide them a high level of satisfaction (Kotler, et al., 2013). The idea of marketing is associated with the introducing strategies and tactics to advertiseShow MoreRelatedCase Study Of The Lean Kaizen Heinz Ketchup Plan733 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lean Kaizen Heinz Ketchup Plan The continuous cycle of Kaizen activity has seven phases (Choudhury, 2017). First starting with identifying any opportunities or what’s important. Next, the Kaizen cycle involves analyzing the process, developing an optimal solution and implementing the solution. 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Humans Free Essays

Humans like to be treated equally and fairly. Whats different about animals? Just like humans animals should be able to live their life not having to worry about being slaughtered every second of the day. The first argument for why people should not eat animals is for the reason that animals can feel pain, sorrow, happiness, and grief just like humans can. We will write a custom essay sample on Humans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet we treat them differently because they don’t have the capability of communicating. Humans are the most dominant and sophisticated creatures on earth and target animals because they are incapable of demanding their freedom and happiness. Dirk verbeuren once said â€Å"Every living creature has the right to live ethically† This statement is indisputable however only 31 percent of the worlds population truly believes that. Many people assume that animals have no feelings and emotions due to the fact that they cant speak in a language humans can understand. In 1995 masson j. Mccarthy wrote â€Å"When elephants weep: The emotional lives of animals†. This book talks about the emotions elephants feel and the way humans treat them. This book makes our population truly think about how we treat animals as a whole. The average american meat-eater is responsible for the abuse and death of 90 animals per year. Becoming a vegetarian will save the lives of many innocent animals. The second reason on why people should not eat animals is because of the effect it has on the environment. Livestock alone counts for more tham 14% of greenhouse gas emissions. A vegan of vegetarian diet could cut those emissions by 70%. Of all the agriculture land in the united states, 87% is used to raise animals for food. It takes 2,500 gallons of water to produce a pound of meat, but only 25 gallons to produce a pound of wheat. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide together cause the vast majority of global warming. Producing a little more than 2 pounds of beef causes more greenhouse gas emissions than driving a small car for three hours. The environmental protection agency reports that approximately 80 percent of ammonia emissions in the U.S. Comes from animal waste. Consuming and producing meat predominately affects the quality and quantity of the earths water. Eating animals will eventually destroy the environment and hurt the population in a tremendous way. The last reason for not eating meat is for the benefit of peoples health. A vegetarian diet decreases the chance of cancer and diabetes in both men and women. According to an article in the journal of the national cancer institute, women who eat meat daily are more likely to develop breast cancer. Vegetarians have also shown to have lower blood pressure, better digestion, and more energy than humans with a meat based diet. Not eating meat will also reduce your risk of a food-born illness. The cdc reports that food-born illnesses account for over 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths in the united states. Finally, eating less or even no meat will reduce the risks of heart attacks and other heart related conditions. Not eating meat will improve the quality of life and further prevent sickness. There is no way to ethically eat animals. Every day there are millions of animals being tortured and killed just so the humans population can enjoy them. The environment, our health, and our morals are all reasons to become a vegetarian. Peta once said â€Å"The only time factory animals get to feel the warmth of the sun on their backs or breath in fresh air is when they are loaded onto trucks bound for slaughter.† These animals will never get to raise families or roll around in the grass and feel the sun beaming on their face. They are crammed in tiny cages until the day they are killed to be feed to someone to enjoy. The lives of animals are just as important as humans lives and becoming a vegetarian will help many innocent animals. If you don’t like to feel pain and sorrow, why would they? How to cite Humans, Papers

Human Resource Development

Question : Discuss about the Human Resource Development ? Answer : Introduction Human resource management is an effective way through which an organization can increase employee performance. It is primary concerned with increasing the people efficiency within the organization and focus on creating an effective system inside an organization. HR is concerned with providing with creating the best opportunities for the employees in order to provide them with a strategic benefit. It is however concerned with managing organizational change in response to the environment in order to balance the requirements as per the collective bargaining power and governmental law. It is the duty of the human resource department to organize the training and development of employees in accordance with the companys standard[1]. The purpose of the report is to understand the necessity of training and development of the employees at workplace in order to increase capabilities. The report provides vision of company to provide management development programme. The purpose of the program is to develop an innovative approach among the employees. It is completely understood that the companies under the global competition need to outperform. It has become a pivotal part for an organization to develop such human resource policies so that they can attain a desired market position. Purpose of an effective training and development program is to effectively manage the employees. This will help in creating an effective work environment[2]. Acorn is an award-winning recruitment and training organization making an annual turnover of 100m. The company places approximately 5500 permanent employees every year. It is known as a famous regional recruiter and development agency delivering effective training to employees. They have dedicated 30 HR professional providing training to 3000 personnel every year. They have a strong market reputation in developing employees through there management development program. The program is made according to the requirement of their clients in order to provide with an advantage against the other competitors. The report is based on developing the skills of the top level personnel to meet the changing trend in the resort management. The challenge is to practically manage the organization through evolving different business skills[3]. The report envisages the procedure to meet requirements of the client in order to meet the changing business needs. The purpose of development program is to measure the achievements by developing a comprehensive training and development program. The whole process includes four meetings and four training programs over a period of two months. Programme objective The objective of the program is to provide senior managers with an essential training for developing operational teams so that they can achieve long term sustainable goals. Senior managers will provide training to the other employee who in return will help in creating a sustainable market position. The whole program will be designed keeping in mind the needs of the market. It is the necessity to develop the training programme as per the market in order to give a quick response to the growing market needs[4]. There is a necessity to identify the ongoing training requirements in order to develop the middle level management. The ongoing training and development program is focused on creating needs of the organization by simulating the market growth[5]. The purpose is to focus on the development program in order to support the corporate culture that will help in attracting and retaining new employees. Training structure need to be comprehensive that help in structuring the necessities of the business[6]. The programme needs to be tailored according to the demanding schedule and work environment in order to accommodate the requirements. The main focus of the programme is to develop the employee according to the competitive requirements. The current market is very aggressive and there is a need to develop the programs according to the competitors[7]. Significance of assessing training needs The Assessment of training and development programme should be methodical and comprehensive in nature. An organization has to upgrade its training and development procedure in order to remain competitive. There is a necessity to develop training and development programme on the basis of latest technology in order to manage the job. Employees who are moving up in the ladder need to get a proper training to develop managerial and leadership skills training and development helps in managing the organization. In the given case study Acorn needs to develop a comprehensive training and development programme in order to meet the basic requirements[8]. Once the training needs are identified the Human resource department needs to prepare a required checklist in order to meet the needs. This will however provide with an effective tools to manage the employees on the basis of the skills they have. Development of the matrix would ensure that the plan regarding the training structure in a well de fined manner. There is a necessity to identify the specific needs pertaining to the current competitive market. The purpose is to make the managers accustomed to the different needs that are associated with the organization. The construction of matrix will help in analyzing the gap in between the current and required situation[9]. Training needs should be finalized in accordance with the training structure in order to focus upon the whole process. The matrix needs to be utilized in accordance with the compatibility with the organizational goals. There are many discussions that are related with the cultural gap in the organization. Training programme is selected in accordance with the organizational needs. There is a necessity to train all the employees about the organizational policies in making the requisite changes. Human resource function is to provide a symmetric procedure in order to assimilate the requirements in accordance with the culture in which they are working. Training is one of the basic functions in an organization and it is important to develop an effective procedure so that the employees can give maximum attention to the problem. The alignment of the training programme should be in accordance with the mission of the organization[10]. Training methods and techniques help in ensuring a set of new skills and learning procedure. The senior manager needs to be trained in accordance with the consistency with the technical and soft skills[11]. The current training program ensure that the senior manager therefore receive an effective work knowledge through management development program. Training methods include different types of tools that help in guaranteeing effective result. It is an effective procedure for the trainer to use various different types of tools that will help in guaranteeing effective results. The experimental training development program needs to be person centric focusing upon the distinguished requirements[12]. The training struc ture will therefore enable the managers to effectively manage the changes occurring in an organization and to cope up with the conflict. This will moreover help in enabling team to motivate each other in order to solve problems. The skills of an individual are directly converted into a practical experience which will help in attaining results. The purpose of the program is to enable long-term career path which will ensure success in different venture. It is necessary to understand that by investing on the senior personnel the company will effectively attain good results[13]. The purpose of the whole programme is to attain significant result. The purpose is to train the employees in case of arraigning the organizational goals. The corporate objectives of the business can only be attained by focusing on the goals[14]. Developing an improvised human resource management plan is to attain the objectives by creating procedural goals. The participants in the programme will learn organizational strategic plan that contributes toward an effective plan. The training programme explains the current and future challenges pertaining to the human resource. The purpose of the programme is to train the employees in executing their duties. For individual it helps in building human resource knowledge that help in planning and development procedure[15]. It is necessary to understand how the human resource planning will effectively create a positive impact on the organizational culture. Senior manager will identify their role in human resource planning and their role in managing the situation in accordance with the organizational strategy[16]. It helps in assessing the performance management in order to understand the role of all the employees working in the organization. Moreover this technique of human resource de velopment will ensure that the HR planning will effectively contributes toward the organizational strategy. Individuals will learn the process in which the gap in between the current and future human resource management can be managed[17]. For an organization the training and development programme will create a better understanding in order to gain competitiveness. The senior manager has to manage various roles in the organization. He is the one who has to provide guidelines to the lower level management. In this case it is essential to provide an effective training so that the employees can attain desired results within the requisite time-period. He has to integrate the human resource planning in order to improvise the overall business strategies. They need to improvise the techniques in according to the generic needs that help in organizing the training and development programs. This will guarantee that the employees will effectively work in order to produce effective results.[18] Training and development programme is effectively helping them in executing the policies in a better and effective manner. The senior personnel will gain competitiveness against different objects. This will help them in becoming responsible personnel in allocating his duty. The purpose of Acorn is to imbibe effective human resource programme so that the organization can attain effective results. Training and development has become one of the important tools that need to be implemented by the employees in order to derive progressive result. The training program needs to be developed keeping in mind the organizational structure so that the employees are ready to focus on individual goals as well[19]. Overall training programme involve 12 modules that last for a day. End of the module help in understanding the key behavior of an individual in the organization. This will however help in evaluating the performance of an individual. This programme will help the managers to effectively contribute towards the problem by contributing effectively. Relevant theories It is proposed that the Personal Styles Questionnaires need to be given in order to understand the necessity of the whole training program. By filling the forms one can understand the requirements that need to be filled in order to continue the human resource planning. This will help in understanding the preference of the managers. The training program will be developed according to the need of the organization. Personal style questionnaire helps in identifying the issues. Purpose of an effective training and development program is to effectively manage the employees. This will help the organization to develop effective plan in order to attain objectives. The matrix needs to be utilized in accordance with the compatibility with the organizational goals. There are many discussions that are related with the cultural gap in the organization. Training programme is selected in accordance with the organizational needs[20]. AMO Theory This theory is based on the three components (Ability, Motivation and Objectives). Thus it helps in creating a better understanding among the employees. This theory is developing performance of employees by focusing on them. This theory aims to create a proper understanding among the employees that guarantees focus on their job in an effectual manner. The purpose of the training program is to motivate the employees so that they can give effective result. For an organization the training and development programme will create a better understanding in order to gain competitiveness. The purpose of training is to increase their ability to adopt the adverse situations. The employees can attain effective result in the situation when they are more ready to adopt the changes. These training programmes increase their ability to fight against adverse culture. They get an ability to understand the competitiveness rising in the surrounding. Effective training and development programme creates a competitive edge. Senior managers will provide training to the other employee who in return will help in creating a sustainable market position[21]. The main focus of the programme is to develop the employee according to the competitive requirements. In the given scenario, making effective recommendations according to the present need is necessay. The current training program ensure that the senior manager therefore receive an effective work knowledge through management development program. The purpose of the management development programme is to provide managers with a proper training so that they can combat against the changes occurring in the surroundings[22]. Alderfers ERG Theory This theory is based on the Maslow theory which focuses on existence, relatedness and growth. The needs of an individual are material in nature that needs to be managed effectively. The social need include the interpersonal relationship among the people and the developmental needs are related to person development and psychological growth. In a distinguished atmosphere it has become important to develop a proper training programme in order to meet the desired needs. The alignment of the training programme should be in accordance with the mission of the organization. . Employees who are moving up in the ladder need to get a proper training to develop managerial and leadership skills training and development helps in managing the organization. The necessity related to the training and development is necessary in order to meet the psychological growth[23]. Recommendation In order to establish an effective training and development programme it is necessary to ensure that the employees are contributing towards the organizational goals. It is the duty of the managers to drive the organization towards attainment of group results. Training and development programme need to be developed according to the employees so that they can meet the future challenges. Training and development programme need to increase the capability of the employees so that they can become more productive for the organization. In todays competitive scenario it has become necessary to provide effective training so that the employees can adjust in a different business atmosphere. The employees therefore need to understand the requirement of such programme. The employer needs to make an effective investment on the employees so that they can understand the various work culture. In the diversified economy it has become important for an organization to adapt themselves towards the growing changes[24]. Those who do not understand the changes lack in making a difference on the coming generation. In the recent time it is seen that people are getting accustomed to the changing needs. They have a better understanding in generating business opportunities according to the surrounding. It is highly recommended that the training and development programme need to be implemented for a longer time period. This will however help in understanding the situation of the employees and the culture. They will be adhered to give an effective result if provided with an effective training and development programme[25]. Employees need to understand that the overall employee development is only possible through consistent training programme. Outsourcing the training and development programme will therefore reduce the burden on the organization to meet the growing needs. They can focus on their inner capacities. Moreover the organization can only develop effectively if they are more concrete towards development of the effective work environment. Large size business organization needs to implement more training and development programme so that they can understand the situation arising in the organization. Acorn understands that there is a necessity to focus on developing a proper an effective environment by providing senior managers with the on-the-job training. Implementation of an effective training and development structure will somehow allow the organization to give multi-fold result. It is however necessary for an organization to sustain against the growing competition occurring in the surrounding. It develops inner capabilities of the employees and allows them to grow more efficiently in a cohesive business environment. It is not easy for an organization to implement policies in a day but the training and development programmes create an effective situation through which the employees can grow more efficiently. Technique of human resource development will ensure that the HR planning will effectively contributes toward the organizational strategy. The job design and structure need to be implemented in a manner which promotes effective growth in an organization[26]. Making a right investment at the right time is the necessity of a training and development programme. Most of the employer is making an investment towards the training and development programmes so that the employees can achieve desired result. These training and development programmes help in enhancing the overall productivity in an organization. There is a necessity to revamp and improve the learning structure in an organization so that the employees can give effective result. It is recommended that the senior managers need to ignite the passion in the employees. There duty is to develop the employees in an effective manner so that they can give good results. In the complex work environment the employees can produce results so that they can organize the work environment. It is the duty of the senior manager to promote the interest of the employees working in the organization so that they outperform. These programmes add value by developing knowledge and skills in few months. Managers are overbu rdened with responsibilities in order to manage the organization. This provides them with an opportunity to teach the employees with the career development of the subordinates. The development and growth process in an organization plays a vital role in managing the organization in order to attain long lasting result. This will simultaneously help in increasing the cost efficiencies providing progressive results [27]It is necessary that the organization should provide with a flexible learning programme as it will engage more employees in the organization. The company will respond efficiently towards the problem arising out of any such situation. Creating team and providing them with proper training will create an adjustable atmosphere to attain effective result. Employees can understand their role in the organization. This will however help in learning efficiently. It is however necessary for an organization to develop according t the growing culture. When an organization develops according to the surrounding it will provide them with more diversified opportunities to grow. Employees can outperform in such a situation. They can understand there surrounding efficiently[28]. It is recommended that the business organization must allocate a budget for the purpose to attain better results. It is a pre-requisite in every organization in order to develop efficiently. Employees can grow if the organization has focused all the resources on developing more result oriented mechanism. In a diversified business environment employees can only perform efficiently if they are more focused towards there responsibilities. Creating more awareness about the project and by disclosing the overall procedure will help the organization to attain significant result[29]. Lastly it is more significant that the organization need to implement the growth strategies that are more human centric. This will help in simulating the effectiveness in the organization by helping them to create a better training and development plan. . It is necessary to understand how the human resource planning will effectively create a positive impact on the organizational culture. Creating efficiency at the workplace will create a better atmosphere in reference to the future needs. Conclusion The report includes the entire necessary plan to implement a successful job design for the senior managers in order to compete against the competitors. It is seen in the business environment that the organization can grow multifold if proper training is given to the employees. Most importantly the employees need to focus on developing an effective plan so that the employees can understand the importance of planning and development in the environment. Employees can implement better understanding if they have developed a better training structure. It is necessary objective in an organization that the employees must focus on developing more effective goal oriented policies. Overall training programme involve 12 modules that last for a day. End of the module help in understanding the key behavior of an individual in the organization. The purpose of the training and development programme is to create competent employees. These employees will adopt the situation according to the change in the environment. In a multinational organization it is a necessity to inculcate training and development programme regularly so that the employees can incorporate such programmes more effectively in their daily schedule. The program is made according to the requirement of their clients in order to provide with an advantage against the other competitors[30]. The report is based on developing the skills of the top level personnel to meet the changing trend in the resort management. The management has to provide effective training to the low level manager so that they can incorporate the changes in an effective manner. He has to integrate the human resource planning in order to improvise the overall business strategies. They need to improvise the techniques in according to the generic needs that help in organizing the training and development programs. The role can effectively be carried forward if the manager performs his duty more carefully. References Abdullah, H., "Major challenges to the effective management of human resource training and development activities."The Journal of International Social Research2, no. 8 (2009): 11-25. Armstrong, M., and Stephen T.,Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers, 2014. Boxall, P, and John,P.,Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011 Bratton, J., and Jeff G.,Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Caulton,J., "The development and use of the theory of erg: A literature review."Emerging Leadership Journeys5, no. 1 (2012): 2-8. Dowling, P.International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learning, 2008. Hendry, C., Human resource management, Routledge, 2012. Jehanzeb, K. and Nadeem B., "Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study."Training and Development5, no. 2 (2013). Joy-Matthews, Jennifer, David M., and Mark S.,Human resource development. Kogan Page Publishers, 2004. Kozlowski, S., and Eduardo S.,Learning, training, and development in organizations. Taylor Francis, 2009. McGuire, D.,Human resource development. Sage, 2014. Olaniyan, D. A., and Lucas B. Ojo. "Staff training and development: a vital tool for organisational effectiveness."European Journal of Scientific Research24, no. 3 (2008): 326-331. Ortmeier, P., and Edwin M.Leadership, ethics, and policing: Challenges for the 21st century. Prentice Hall, 2010. Paauwe, J., "HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and prospects."Journal of Management studies46, no. 1 (2009): 129-142. Raymond A., John H., Barry G., and Patrick, W. Fundamentals of human resource management. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007. Richard,O.., and Nancy J., "Strategic human resource management effectiveness and firm performance."International Journal of Human Resource Management12, no. 2 (2001): 299-310. Schuler, Randall S., and Susan J.,Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons, 2008. Srinath, K. "Human resource development." 2003. Storey, John.Human resource management: A critical text. Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007. Truss, C., David M., and Clare K.,Strategic human resource management. Oxford University Press, 2012. Werner, J. and Randy S.,Human resource development. Cengage Learning, 2011. [1] Hendry, C., Human resource management, Routledge, 2012. [2] Boxall, P, and John,P.,Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011 [3] Raymond A., John H., Barry G., and Patrick, W. Fundamentals of human resource management. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007. [4] Dowling, P.International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Cengage Learning, 2008. [5] Bratton, J., and Jeff G.,Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. [6] Schuler, Randall S., and Susan J.,Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons, 2008. [7] Harzing, A, and Ashly .,International human resource management. Sage, 2010. [8] Sparrow, P.,Chris B., and Chul C.,Globalizing human resource management. Routledge, 2016. [9] Bakker, A. and Michael L.,Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology Press, 2010. [10] Jehanzeb, K. and Nadeem B., "Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study."Training and Development5, no. 2 (2013). [11] Olaniyan, D. A., and Lucas B. Ojo. "Staff training and development: a vital tool for organisational effectiveness."European Journal of Scientific Research24, no. 3 (2008): 326-331. [12] Kozlowski, S., and Eduardo S.,Learning, training, and development in organizations. Taylor Francis, 2009. [13] Abdullah, H., "Major challenges to the effective management of human resource training and development activities."The Journal of International Social Research2, no. 8 (2009): 11-25. [14] Storey, John.Human resource management: A critical text. Cengage Learning EMEA, 2007. [15] Armstrong, M., and Stephen T.,Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers, 2014. [16] Bratton, J., and Jeff G.,Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. [17] Boxall, P., and John P., Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. [18] Schuler, R., and Susan J.,Strategic human resource management. John Wiley Sons, 2008. [19] Werner, J., and Randy D.,Human resource development. Cengage Learning, 2011. [20] Daley, M. "Strategic human resource management."Public Personnel Management(2012): 120-125. [21] Armstrong, M., and Stephen T.,Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers, 2014. [22] Paauwe, J., "HRM and performance: Achievements, methodological issues and prospects."nRecommendationbsp;Journal of Management studies46, no. 1 (2009): 129-142. [23] Caulton,J., "The development and use of the theory of erg: A literature review."Emerging Leadership Journeys5, no. 1 (2012): 2-8. [24] Ortmeier, P., and Edwin M.Leadership, ethics, and policing: Challenges for the 21st century. Prentice Hall, 2010. [25] Truss, C., David M., and Clare K.,Strategic human resource management. Oxford University Press, 2012. [26] Richard,O.., and Nancy J., "Strategic human resource management effectiveness and firm performance."International Journal of Human Resource Management12, no. 2 (2001): 299-310. [27] Werner, J. and Randy S.,Human resource development. Cengage Learning, 2011. [28] Joy-Matthews, Jennifer, David M., and Mark S.,Human resource development. Kogan Page Publishers, 2004. [29] Srinath, K. "Human resource development." 2003. [30] McGuire, D.,Human resource development. Sage, 2014.